England's batting collapses were perhaps the most discussed and debated topic in Test cricket in the last couple of seasons.

Since 2018, nine teams have been bowled out for a score of less than 100 in Test cricket. Shockingly, England feature four times in the list.

Teams bowled out for less than 100 since 2018

Team

Score

Result

Opposition

Ground

West Indies

93

Lost

vs Sri Lanka

Bridgetown

New Zealand

90

Lost

vs Pakistan

Dubai (DSC

England

85

Won

vs Ireland

Lord's

England

77

Lost

vs West Indies

Bridgetown

South Africa

73

Lost

vs Sri Lanka

Galle

England

67

Won

vs Australia

Leeds

England

58

Lost

vs New Zealand

Auckland

Bangladesh

43

Lost

vs West Indies

North Sound

Ireland

38

Lost

vs England

Lord's

Against Ireland last month, England were bowled out for 85 in the first innings but went on to bowl them out for 38 in the final innings to win the Test match. But what was glaring ahead of the Ashes was a batting issue.

That they had been bowled out for under hundred four times in one and a half years pointed towards a lack of temperament for Test cricket and they were criticised for a white-ball focused approach in the last four years.

They had last made 400-plus total a year ago and that happened only once since the beginning of 2018. From their less than convincing openers to a shaky No.3 in Joe Root, everything about England seemed off. Their batters from positions 7-10 had a better average than their top six at one point in the last two years.

When set 359 to win, England had to create history to win at Headingley. Their highest successful run chase in the fourth innings prior to this was chasing 332 against Australia at MCG in 1928-29. They had only chased 300-plus scores in the final innings thrice before, last of that in 2001. 350-plus was never chased.

Only ten 350-plus totals had been successfully chased in the history of Test cricket. Three of them by Australia, two each by India and Sri Lanka, one each by West Indies, South Africa and Pakistan.

England had to make history and at 286/9, that appeared 73 runs away, with Jack Leach - the No. 11, stuck with Ben Stokes. The top-order had once again failed to carry them although Joe Root did redeem himself with a fighting half-century.

Stokes and Leach had to do an impossible act but the former had only pulled off another heist in the country a month ago at Lord's to win England the World Cup. Here he turned around a 67 all out in the first innings and stitched a 62-ball 76-run stand with Leach, where the No.11 faced just 17 balls for one run.

Stokes, on the other hand, made 74 in 45 balls in the partnership with seven sixes and four fours. There are no instances of teams scoring fewer runs in an innings in a Test match and ending up winning since 1900. It had only ever been done in the 1880s.

But with a 102-run deficit and a 359-run target staring at them, England pulled off an improbable win by a wicket, courtesy Stokes. More importantly, their batting issues remained masked as Stokes carried them over the line in a mind-blowing anti-climax to the game.

Featured image courtesy: AFP / Paul Ellis